Racionalidad, estrato socioeconómico y rezago educativo en México
Rationality, socioeconomic stratum, and educational lag in Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/ensayos44.2-2Palabras clave:
racionalidad, estrato socioeconómico, capital humano, modelo log-log complementarioResumen
Objetivo: El rezago educativo (RE) afecta al capital humano y limita significativamente el crecimiento y el desarrollo económicos.
Método: Utilizando un modelo cloglog, demostramos la hipótesis teórica de que la racionalidad de los individuos difiere según el estrato socioeconómico: mientras que los individuos de estratos más bajos son más propensos a experimentar RE (4,3%), ocurre lo contrario con los individuos de estratos más altos (-15,5%).
Resultados: También descubrimos que, en ausencia de otras variables, la probabilidad de RE es del 20 %; tener hijos, el 24,3 % (la más alta del modelo); y ser hombre la aumenta en un 9%.
Limitaciones: Este trabajo se centra en los factores que “alejan” a los estudiantes de las instituciones educativas formales y el modelo solo incluye datos de 2018.
Principales hallazgos: Mediante análisis de escenarios, demostramos que un hombre de un estrato socioeconómico bajo, sin acceso a la atención médica y con hijos, tiene un 61% de probabilidades de sufrir RE, frente al 37 % de los hombres con las mismas características del estrato superior.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Eduardo Gilberto Loría Díaz de Guzmán, Jesús Jorge Lim

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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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