Gender discrimination in work networks

Discriminación de género en redes laborales

Authors

  • César Vladimir Martínez-Arango Universidad de Guanajuato
  • Coralia Azucena Quintero-Rojas Departamento de Economía y Finanzas (DCEA), Universidad de Guanajuato
  • Lari Arthur Viianto Departamento de Economía y Finanzas (DCEA), Universidad de Guanajuato

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29105/ensayos34.2-1

Keywords:

Gender Discrimination, Labor Market, Social Networks, Agent-Based Modeling

Abstract

This work circumscribes to the literature of Agent-Based Models (MBA) and its main objective is to analyze the differences in the labor market performance of men and women, under the assumption that there is a cultural difference in the way that society treats each gender. For this purpose, we develop a model of information transfer through a fixed social network. Its nodes correspond to pairs of man and woman in the labor force. This model is used to assess the impact of gender roles on the labor market. Our results from simulations show that, even without salary or job discrimination, gender roles have a negative impact on gender gaps concerning unemployment, participation and the probability of being hired through the network.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

César Vladimir Martínez-Arango, Universidad de Guanajuato

Universidad de Guanajuato (Proyecto: Estudios de prospectiva educativa para la Universidad de Guanajuato). Dirección: Lascuraín de Retana No. 5 Zona Centro. C. P. 36000, Guanajuato, Gto.

Coralia Azucena Quintero-Rojas, Departamento de Economía y Finanzas (DCEA), Universidad de Guanajuato

Departamento de Economía y Finanzas (DCEA), Universidad de Guanajuato. Dirección: Campus Marfil Guanajuato, Gto. 36250 México

Lari Arthur Viianto, Departamento de Economía y Finanzas (DCEA), Universidad de Guanajuato

Departamento de Economía y Finanzas (DCEA), Universidad de Guanajuato. Dirección: Campus Marfil Guanajuato, Gto. 36250 México.

References

Arendt, H. (2005). La Condición Humana, Estado y Sociedad Vol. 14, Barcelona: Paidós.

Barrufini, M. (2014). “An Agent-Based Simulation of the Swiss Labor Market: an Alternative for Policy Evaluation”. Conference Paper. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18278/jpcs.2.1.4

Becker, G. S.(1957, 1971). The Economics of Discrimination. USA: Chicago University Press.

Becker, G. S. (1965). “A Theory of the Allocation of Time”. The Economic Journal, 75(299), 493–517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2228949

Berg, N., y Donald L. (2002). ‘‘Measuring the Effect of Sexual Orientation on Income: Evidence of Discrimination?’’. Contemporary Economic Policy, 20(4), 394–414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cep/20.4.394

Black, D. A., Seth G. S., y Lowell J. T. (2007). ‘‘The Economics of Gay and Lesbian Families’’. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(2), 53–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.2.53

Blandford, J. M. (2003). ‘‘The Nexus of Sexual Orientation and Gender in the Determination of Earnings’’. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 56(4), 622–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390305600405

Blinder, A. S. (1973). “Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates”. The Journal of Human Resources, 8(4), 436-455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/144855

Burda, M., Hamermesh, D. S. y Weil, P. (2007). “Total Work, Gender and Social Norms”. NBER Working Paper No. 13000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w13000

Calvó-Armengol, A. (2000). “Job Contact Networks”, Unpublished.

Calvo-Armengol, A. y Jackson, M. (2004). “The Effects of Social Networks on Employment and Inequality”. The American Economic Review, 94(3), 426-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041464542

Clain, S. H., y Leppel, K. (2001). ‘‘An Investigation into Sexual Orientation Discrimination as an Explanation for Wage Differences’’. Applied Economics, 33(1), 37–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840122961

Corbett, C., y Hill, C. (2012). Graduating to a Pay Gap: The Earnings of Women and Men One Year after College Graduation. Washington: American Association of University Women.

Daneshvary, N., Waddopus, J. C., Wimmer, B. S. (2009). “Previous Marriage and the Lesbian Wage Premium”. Industrial Relations, 48(3), 432-453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.2009.00567.x

Duval-Hernández, Robert y Orraca-Romano, P. (2009). “A Cohort Analysis of Labor Participation in Mexico, 1987-2009”. IZA Discussion Paper Series No. 4371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1472563

Evangelia, B. (2012). “Global employment Trends for Women”. International Labour Organization Discussion paper.

Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (2012). Indicadores de ocupación y empleo al segundo trimestre de 2012. Disponible en: <http://www3.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/temas/default.aspx?s=est&c=25433&t=1>.

El Banco Mundial (2012). Mujeres tienen menos probabilidades que hombres de participar en el mercado laboral en la mayoría de los países. Disponible en: <http://datos.bancomundial.org/noticias/mujeres_tienen_menos_probabilidades_que_hombres_de_participar_en_el_mercado_laboral_en_la_mayoria_de_los_paises (fecha de publicación: 13 de septiembre de 2012)>.

Fernández, R. (2007). “Alfred Marshall Lecture. Women, Work and Culture”. Journal of the European Economic Association, 5(2-3), 305–332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/jeea.2007.5.2-3.305

García-Bermúdez, K. J. y. Mendoza-Cota, J. E. (2009). “Discriminación Salarial por Género en México”. Problemas del Desarrollo, 40(156), 77-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2009.156.7754

Gatti, D. D., Gallegati, M., y Desiderio, S. (2014). The dynamics of the labour market in an agent-based model with financial constraints. En Cristini, A., Fazzari, S., Greenberg, E. y Leoni, R. (Eds.), Cycles, Growth and the Great Recession (117-129). Routledge.

Granovetter, M. S. (1973) “The Strength of Weak Ties”. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/225469

Klawitter, M. M., y Flatt, V. (1998). ‘‘The Effects of State and Local Antidiscrimination Policies on Earnings for Gays and Lesbians’’. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 17(4), 658–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6688(199823)17:4<658::AID-PAM4>3.0.CO;2-P

Kunze, A. (2005). “The Evolution of the Gender Wage Gap”. Labor Economics, 12, 73-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2004.02.012

Loury, G. (1977). A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences. En Wallace, P. A. (Ed.), Women, Minorities, and Employment Discrimination. USA: Lexington Books.

Myers, C. A. y Shultz, G. P. (1951). The Dynamics of Labor Markets. New York: Prentice Hall.

Neugart, M. (2006). “Labor market policy evaluation with an agent-based model”. WZB Discussion Paper. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.917807

Ng, T. S., y Kang, Y. C. (2013). “The inquiry of labor market dynamics in knowledge economies: an agent-based approach”. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 43(2), 416-427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCA.2012.2195167

Oaxaca, R. (1973). “Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets”. International Economic Review, 14(3), 693-709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2525981

O'Neill, J. y O'Neill, D. (2005). “What Do Wage Differentials Tell Us about Labor Market Discrimination?”. NBER Working Paper No. 11240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w11240

Rees, A y Shultz, G. P. (1970). “Workers in an Urban Labor Market”. American Economic Review, 56, 559-566.

Sanborn, H. (1964). “Pay Differences between Men and Women”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 17, 534-550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001979396401700402

Takács, K., Squazzoni, F., y Bravo, G. (2012). “The network antidote: an agent-based model of discrimination in labor markets”. MKE 2012 Conference, Budapest.

Tassier, T. (2008). “Referral Hiring and Gender Segregation in the Workplace”. Eastern Economic Journal, 34(4), 429-440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/eej.2008.29

Zaiceva, A. y Zimmermann, K. F. (2014). “Children, Kitchen, Church: does ethnicity Matter?”. Review of Economics of the Household, 12(1), 83-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-013-9178-9

Published

2015-11-01

How to Cite

Martínez-Arango, C. V., Quintero-Rojas, C. A., & Viianto, L. A. (2015). Gender discrimination in work networks: Discriminación de género en redes laborales. Ensayos Revista De Economía, 34(2), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.29105/ensayos34.2-1

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.