An analysis of the attitudes, perceptions and intentions that lead to entrepreneurship in the countries of the Pacific Alliance
Un análisis de las actitudes, percepciones e intenciones que llevan a emprender en los países de la Alianza del Pacífico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/ensayos42.1-2Keywords:
Propensión a emprender;, satisfacción con el ingreso;, aversión al riesgo;, falta de exposición al esfuerzo; , capacidades empresariales.Abstract
We study the effect of different motivators of entrepreneurial activity related to attitudes, perceptions, and intentions of individuals in the Pacific Alliance countries (México, Chile, Colombia y Perú). The analysis is based on descriptive statistics and logit regressions with data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. We found that the decision of entrepreneurship is negatively correlated with risk aversion and lack of exposure to effort. Furthermore, it is positively correlated with entrepreneurial ability, which is the variable that best explains motivation to become entrepreneur. In addition, the evidence suggests that less development is associated with a higher perception of capabilities, which in turn may be related to increased self-confidence and an underestimation of risks. The findings of this study are only partially consistent with that of the literature, and they suggest that entrepreneurship is a multifaceted and dynamic process influenced by perceptions that can be modified by the environment. Taking these elements into consideration is necessary in order to create an integrated regional market that is based on the support of entrepreneurs and small businesses.
Downloads
References
Alianza del pacífico (2015). Abecé Alianza del Pacífico. En https://alianzapacifico.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/abc_AP.pdf
Amorós, J. (2011). El proyecto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM): una aproximación desde el contexto latinoamericano. Academia. Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, (46), 1-15.
Baker, T., y Welter, F. (2018). Contextual Entrepreneurship. An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 14(4), 357-426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000078
Banco Mundial (2022). PIB (US$ a precios actuales). Datos sobre las cuentas nacionales del Banco Mundial y archivos de datos sobre cuentas nacionales de la OCDE. Banco Mundial (BIRF/AIF) https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD
Baumol, W. (1990). Entrepreneurship: productive, unproductive, and destructive. The Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893-921. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/261712
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970
Cameron, A. C. y Trivedi, P. K. (2010). Microeconometrics Using Stata, Revised Edition. Stata Press, College Station, TX.
Castillo, R. (2002). La protección de los derechos de propiedad y la elección de la estructura de propiedad corporativa. El Trimestre Económico, 69(273), 37-63.
Coduras, A., Velilla, J. y Ortega, R. (2018). Age of the entrepreneurial decision: Differences among developed, developing and non-developed countries. Economics and Business Letters, 7(1), 36-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.7.1.2018.36-46
Douglas, E. y Fitzsimmons, J. (2005). Entrepreneurial intentions towards individual vs. corporate entrepreneurship. SEAANZ 2005 Conference, Armidale, N.S.W., 25-30.
Douglas, E. y Shepherd, D. (2002). Self-employment as a career choice: attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), 81-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870202600305
García-Macías, M., Zerón-Félix, M. y Sánchez-Tovar, Y. (2018). Factores de entorno determinantes del emprendimiento en México. Entramado, 14(1), 88-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18041/entramado.2018v14n1.2712
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor [GEM] (2013). GEM 2013 APS Global Individual Level Data – Entrepreneurial Employee Activity Optional Questions. Base de datos. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA).
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor [GEM] (2018). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Global Report 2017/2018. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA).
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., y Anderson, R. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8th Ed.). Andover: Cengage Learning, EMEA.
Herrera, C. y Montoya, L. (2013). El emprendedor: una aproximación a su definición y caracterización. Punto de Vista, 4(7), 7-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15765/pdv.v4i7.441
Kahneman, D. y Thaler, R. (2006). Anomalies: utility maximization and experienced utility. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 221-234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/089533006776526076
Mancilla, C. y Amorós, J. (2012). La influencia de factores socio-culturales en el emprendimiento, evidencia en Chile 2007-2010. Multidisciplinary Business Review, 5(1), 15-25.
Mandakovic, V., Abarca, A. y Amorós, E. (2016). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Reporte Nacional de Chile 2015. Santiago: Ediciones Universidad del Desarrollo - CORFO.
Martínez, J. L. (2010). The propensity for entrepreneurship: psychological and social factors. Cuadernos Latinoamericanos de Administración, VI(10), 51-76.
Moreno, J. (2017). Influencia del emprendimiento sobre el crecimiento económico y la eficiencia: importancia de la calidad institucional y la innovación social desde una perspectiva internacional. Revista de Economía Mundial, (46), 137-162.
Navarro, R. y Moreira, C. (2018). Influencia de percepción y actitudes en la intención emprendedora. Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio para el caso Ecuador. Revista Publicando, 5(15(2)), 468-478.
Neve, J. y Sachs, J. (2020). Sustainable Development and Human Well-Being. En J. Helliwell et al. (Eds.), World Happiness Report 2020 (113-128, Rep.). Nueva York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network.
North, D. (1990). An introduction to institutions and institutional change. En Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions (pp. 3-10). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808678.003
Ospina, M. P. y Ramírez, J. (2021). La Alianza del Pacífico: nuevas lógicas de la integración regional, los giros políticos y la geopolítica latinoamericana. Revista Internacional de Cooperación y Desarrollo, 8 (2), 78-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21500/23825014.5749
Peña, I., Guerrero, M., González-Pernía, J.L. y Montero, J. (2020). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Informe GEM España 2019-2020. Universidad de Cantabria, Asociación RED GEM España y CISE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22429/Euc2020.024
Poschke, M. (2013a). The decision to become an entrepreneur and the firm size distribution: a unifying framework for policy analysis. IZA Discussion Papers 7757. Institute of Labor Economics.
Poschke, M. (2013b). Who becomes an entrepreneur? Labor market prospects and occupational choice. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 37(3), 693-710. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2012.11.003
Prieto, C. J. y Merino, F. (2022). The role of the entrepreneur's characteristics to be a born global firm. European Journal of International Management, 17(4), 536-563. DOI:10.1504/EJIM.2022.123227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2022.123227
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo [PNUD] (2014). Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2014. Sostener el progreso humano: Reducir vulnerabilidades y construir resiliencia. Washington D.C.: PNUD.
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo [PNUD] (2020). Human Development Report 2020. The next frontier. Human development and the Anthropocene. New York: PNUD.
Rodríguez, A. (2009). Nuevas perspectivas para entender el emprendimiento empresarial. Pensamiento y Gestión, (26), 94-119.
Sepúlveda, J. P. y Bonilla, C. A. (2014). The factors affecting the risk attitude in entrepreneurship: evidence from Latin America, Applied Economics Letters, 21(8), 573-581. DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2013.875104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2013.875104
Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe [SELA] (2013). La Alianza del Pacífico en la integración latinoamericana y caribeña. Caracas: Secretaría permanente del Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe.
Sparano, H. (2014). Emprendimiento en América Latina y su impacto en la gestión de proyectos. Revista Dimensión Empresarial, 12(2), 95-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15665/rde.v12i2.281
Steffens, P., Fitzsimmons, J. y Douglas, E. (2006). A choice modeling approach to predict entrepreneurial intentions from attitudes and perceived abilities. En A. Zacharakis et al. (Eds.) Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 2006 (pp. 2019-233). Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1263730
Verheul, I., Wennekers, S., Audretsch, D. y Thurik, R. (2001). An eclectic theory of entrepreneurship: policies, institutions and culture. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper TI2001-030/3.
Walter, S. y Heinrichs, S. (2015). Who becomes an entrepreneur? A 30-years-review of individual-level research. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22(2), 225-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-09-2012-0106
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 José G. Aguilar, Alejandro Mungaray, Edgar N. Severiano
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.