Deuda pública, desigualdad y desarrollo en México: evidencia estatal y municipal: Public debt, inequality and development in Mexico: state and municipal evidence

Claudia Susana Gómez López; Artemio Jiménez Rico; Ana Karen Negrete García

doi:10.29105/ensayos43.2-2

Authors

Claudia Susana Gómez López Universidad de Guanajuato https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5201-6555
Artemio Jiménez Rico Universidad de Gunajuato https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-6483
Ana Karen Negrete García Colegio de San Benedicto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8895-0147

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29105/ensayos43.2-2

Keywords:

Convergence, Economic Growth, Public Debt, Inequality

Abstract

The article analyzes the relationship between the acquisition of public debt with inequality and economic development. Specifically, it uses the following variables: the growth rate of public debt, the Gini Index, and the Social Gap Index. It considers 31 states of the Mexican Republic and 2,414 municipalities from 2010 to 2018. The absolute and conditional convergence methodology and panel data analysis show that (I) under the conditional convergence hypothesis, the states and municipalities of Mexico came close in terms of public debt per capita in the period 2010-2018. The speed of approximation is greater in the states than in the municipalities, (II) the conditional convergence indicates that inequality significantly explains the growth rate of public debt in the states but not in the municipalities, (III) the panel data model highlights that, for six of the eight geographic regions in Mexico, inequality is important in explaining the increase in municipal debt over time. In addition, in the case of the Central North and Northeast regions, the Social Gap Index significantly explains the evolution of per capita debt, and (IV) the estimated models show regional differences over time. In the case of the Southwest region, which includes three of the states with the greatest social backwardness, none of the models considered explains the evolution of public debt per capita.

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Author Biographies

Claudia Susana Gómez López, Universidad de Guanajuato

Licenciada en Economía (1994) y Maestra en Economía y Gestión del Cambio Tecnológico (1997) por la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco. Obtuvo su Doctorado en Economía Cuantitativa y Análisis Económico (2008) por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Desde 1997, se desempeña como Profesora de Tiempo Completo en el Departamento de Economía y Finanzas de la Universidad de Guanajuato, y es miembro del Cuerpo Académico en consolidación "Macroeconomía Aplicada y Métodos Cuantitativos".

Desde 2006, cuenta con el Reconocimiento de perfil deseable PRODEP y en 2010 ingresó al Sistema Nacional de Investigadoras e Investigadores (SNII) Nivel I/2014-2025. Sus áreas de investigación incluyen Macroeconomía y Desarrollo, Teoría del Crecimiento, Teoría de los Ciclos Reales, pobreza y desigualdad en México. Ha publicado en diversos medios, incluyendo el artículo “Tourism and the environment in Mexico: evidence of the relationship in the short and long term” (2023) en Tourism Review, y los libros “Problemas del Desarrollo en México” en tres tomos (2017, 2019 y 2023). Además, participó en el proyecto de investigación “Deuda pública y bienestar económico en los estados y municipios de México 1989-2019” (2022).

Artemio Jiménez Rico, Universidad de Gunajuato

Licenciado en Contador Público (2003) y Maestro en Administración (2012) por la Universidad de Guanajuato. Obtuvo su Doctorado en Administración (2023) por la Universidad de Celaya. Desde 2017, se desempeña como Profesor de Tiempo Completo en el Departamento de Gestión y Dirección de Empresas de la Universidad de Guanajuato, y es miembro del Cuerpo Académico “Macroeconomía Aplicada y Métodos Cuantitativos”.

Desde 2019, cuenta con el Reconocimiento de perfil deseable PRODEP y en 2024 ingresó al Sistema Nacional de Investigadoras e Investigadores (SNII) nivel: Candidato. Miembro de la Academia de Ciencias Administrativas. Sus áreas de investigación son Competitividad y Mipymes, Gestión Financiea, Fiscalización y Finanzas públicas. Ha publicado en distintos medios, incluyendo el artículo “Determinants of Access to Bank Financing in SMEs in Mexico” (2023) en Journal of Risk and Financial Management, “Participación ciudadana: actor clave en el combate a la corrupción” (2022) en South Florida Journal of Development, y participó en el proyecto “Impacto de la Corrupción en el PIB” (2023) en la Universidad de Guanajuato.

Ana Karen Negrete García, Colegio de San Benedicto

Licenciada en Economía (2011) por el Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica A.C., Maestra en Economía Internacional (2013) y Doctora en Ciencias Económicas (2017) por la Universidad de Göttingen, Alemania (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) y el Instituto Alemán de Estudios Globales y de Área (GIGA), se desempeña como profesora en el Colegio de San Benedicto y la Universidad de San Juan (CSB, SJU) en Minessota, EUA.

Miembro de la Asociación Americana de Economía, así como la Asociación Internacional por la Economía Feminista desde 2021; cuenta con el Reconocimiento de perfil deseable PROFEP (2018) y fue miembro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadoras e Investigadores (SNII) 2020-2022. Sus áreas de investigación incluyen, Economía Aplicada, Economía de la Innovación, Políticas de Desarrollo y Acumulación de Capital. Ha publicado diversos artículos tales como “How vulnerable are small firms to energy price increases? Evidence from Mexico” (2023) en Environment and Development Economics y “Constrained Potential: A Characterization of Mexican Microenterprises” (2022) en Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship.

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