La importancia de corregir por el sesgo de selección en el análisis de las brechas salariales por género: un estudio para Argentina, Brasil y México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/ensayos31.2-1Keywords:
brechas salariales, discriminación laboral, sesgo de selección, Heckit.Abstract
El estudio de las brechas salariales por género debe considerar el sesgo de selección, resultado de la decisión endógena de ingresar al mercado laboral. En caso de ser ignorado, este sesgo puede llevar a conclusiones erróneas con respecto al tamaño de las brechas y su evolución en el tiempo. Este trabajo analiza las brechas salariales en Argentina, Brasil y México en 2000 y 2008, y corrige el sesgo a partir del método de Heckman (1979). En particular, se explota el sexo del primogénito en la ecuación de selección para resolver el problema de identificación en la probabilidad de ingresar al mercado laboral. Los resultados indican un importante sesgo de selección positiva de diferente magnitud en el tiempo, en los tres países. Así, este trabajo resalta la importancia del problema de selección en la determinación de listas de rankeo de países, en cuanto a la equidad de género.
Clasificación JEL: J16, J21, J71.
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