“Last-chance” sales: what makes them credible?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/ensayos28.1-4Keywords:
signaling, advertising, separating equilibria, information transmission.Abstract
This paper analyzes the firms’ standard practice of announcing clearance or “last-chance” sales, namely advertising that a particular product is not going to be available in the market anymore. In the context of a two-period signaling game, prices and advertising decisions of firms are analyzed. Then, the set of separating and pooling equilibria is characterized, so that the above usual advertising techniques can be better understood as equilibria of this model for certain parameter values. In particular, this paper shows that, when the firm which continues in the business knows that few of their current customers will come back in future periods, the set of separating equilibria shrinks. That is, fewer future prospects induce all types of firms to compete for current consumers, leading to pooling equilibria in which all firms announce a “last-chance” sale, even if some of them know they will remain in the industry next period.
Clasificación JEL: L12, D82.
Downloads
References
Bagwell, K. and M. H. Riordan (1991). High and declining prices signal product quality, American Economic Review, 81,1, 224-39.
Battacharya, S. (1979). Imperfect information, dividend policy and the `bird in the hand' fallacy, Bell Journal of Economics, 9,1, 259-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3003330
Cho, I.K. and D. Kreps (1987). Signaling games and stable equilibria, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 102, 179-222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1885060
Epstein, G.S. (1998). Retail pricing and clearance sales: the multiple product case, Journal of Economics and Business, 50, 551-563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-6195(98)00019-8
Gal-Or, E. (1989). Warranties as a signal of quality, Canadian Journal of Economics, 22,1, 30-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/135459
Horstmann, I. and G. MacDonald (2003). Is advertising a signal of product quality? Evidence from the compact disc player market, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 21,3, 317-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7187(02)00086-3
Kaya, A. (2004). Repeated signaling games, University of Iowa, working paper.
Kose, J. and J. Williams (1985). Dividends, dilusion and taxes: a signalling equilibrium, Journal of Finance, 40, 4, 1053-1069. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1985.tb02363.x
Lazear, E. P. (1986). Retail pricing and clearance sales, American Economic Review, 76, 1, 14-32.
Linnemer, L. (2002). Price and advertising as signals of quality when consumers are informed, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 20, 7, 931-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7187(01)00081-9
Nelson, P. (1974). Advertising as information, Journal of Political Economy, 82, 729-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/260231
Nocke, V. and M. Peitz (2007). A Theory of Clearance Sales, The Economic Journal, 117, 964-990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02074.x
Martin, Stephen (2001). Advanced Industrial Economics. Blackwell Publishers.
Milgrom, P. and J. Roberts (1982). Limit pricing and entry under incomplete information: an equilibrium analysis, Econometrica, 50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1912637
Milgrom, P. and J. Roberts (1986). Price and Advertising signals of product quality, Journal of Political Economy, 94, 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/261408
Spence, A.M. (1973). Job market signaling, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87, 355-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1882010
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2009 Félix Muñoz García, Heriberto González Lozano
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.